As you can see, when the duty cycle increases, different ports are exposed, which changes both the amount as well as the direction of the oil. Figure 1 shows how the solenoid plunger reacts to the duty cycle changes. Looking at these parameters, the ECU controls the oil flow by pulsing the ground side of the solenoid the longer the pulse or duty cycle, the more the cam will advance, while a short duty cycle or on time cycle will retard the cam. The ECU looks at coolant temp, RPM, injector pulse and cam position sensor to make its decisions on where the cam should be, and if the system is working as expected. It’s controlled by the ECU by way of the two-wire valve timing oil control solenoid that’s mounted on the valve cover. ![]() ![]() There is a variable gear or sprocket mounted on the intake camshaft that adjusts the camshaft timing based on oil flow and direction.
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